Related resources...

Summary on the Attributes of God
Spurgeon on the Attributes of God

Israel of God - Is God "Finished" with Israel in His prophetic plan?

Off Site - Table Comparing/contrasting Israel & Church
Off Site - Does the Church Fulfill Israel's Program? - John Walvoord
The Jewish People, Jesus Christ and World History - S Lewis Johnson

Are you confused about God's plan for Israel? Then I highly recommend Tony Garland's 12 Hour Course on Romans 9-11 in which he addresses in depth the question of  What Will Happen to Israel?  (click) or see the individual lectures below)

Romans 9:1-5 Paul's Sorrow Concerning Israel
Romans 9:6-13 Children of the Promise
Romans 9:14-24 The Potter and the Clay
Romans 9:25-33 A Remnant Will be Saved
Romans 10:1-13 The Righteousness of God
Romans 10:14-21 Has Israel Not Heard?
Romans 11:1-6  God Has Not Cast Away The Jews
Romans 11:7-15 Life from the Dead
Romans 11:16-24 Two Olive Trees
Romans 11:25-36 The Salvation of Israel

Note that when you click the preceding links, each link will in turn give you several choices including an Mp3 message and brief transcript notes. The Mp3's are long (avg 70+ min) but are in depth and thoroughly Scriptural with many quotations from the Old Testament, which is often much less well understood than the NT by many in the church today. Garland takes a literal approach to Scripture, and his love for the Jews and passion to see them saved comes through very clearly in these 12 hours of teaching! Take your home Bible Study group through this series if you dare. Take notes on the tapes as the transcripts are a very abbreviated version of the audio messages. This course is highly recommended for all who love Israel! I think you will agree that Tony Garland, despite coming to faith after age 30 as an engineer, clearly has been given a special anointing by God to promulgate the truth concerning Israel and God's glorious future plan for the Jews. Garland has also produced more than 20 hours of superb audio teaching in his verse by verse commentary on the Revelation (in depth transcripts also available) which will unravel (in a way you did not think was possible considering the plethora of divergent interpretations) God's final message of the triumph and return of the our Lord Jesus Christ as the King of kings and Lord of lords! Maranatha!

HOWEVER, THEY DID NOT ALL HEED THE GOOD NEWS (GLAD TIDINGS): All' ou pantes hupekousan (3PAAI)  to euaggelio: (Ro 3:3; 11:17; John 10:26; Acts 28:24; Hebrews 4:2; 1Peter 2:8) (Ro 1:5; 2:8; 6:17; 16:26; Isaiah 50:10; Galatians 3:1; 5:7; 2Thessalonians 1:8; Hebrews 5:9; 11:8; 1Peter 1:22; 3:1)

Listen to Dr J Vernon McGee: Romans 10:16-21 Mp3

The KJV Bible Commentary sums up this section noting that...

Paul now comes to the crux of his argument concerning human responsibility and the righteousness of God. He claims that God takes the responsibility for Jewish unbelief and places it squarely upon the shoulders of the Jews. The gospel has been near unto them, it’s been offered unto them, but it has not been believed by them. As proof of this he again quotes from the Jews’ own Scripture as recorded in Isaiah 53:1 Lord, who hath believed our report? The report was Isaiah’s message of the gospel concerning the Messiah. It was brought to the mouths of the Jews and offered to them, but that message was not obeyed.  (Dobson, E G, Charles Feinberg, E Hindson, Woodrow Kroll, H L. Wilmington: KJV Bible Commentary: Nelson or Logos)

UBS Handbook notes that...

Now Paul begins to show where the chain has broken. God has sent the messengers, the messengers have proclaimed the message, the Jews have heard the message, but they have not believed or called on the name of the Lord to be saved. Paul verifies this by a further appeal to scripture; this time the passage is from the Septuagint of Isaiah 53.1. (The United Bible Societies' New Testament Handbook Series or Logos)

Guzik writes that...

If salvation is so simple, available to all who trust in the person and work of Jesus, then why does Israel seem to be cast off from God? Because many among them had not believed his report - because they have not trusted in God’s Word through Isaiah and other messengers of the gospel, they are not saved. (Romans 10 Commentary)

They - Although Paul had earlier stated there was no distinction between Jews and Gentiles (Ro 10:12) in regard to whom righteousness by faith was offered, in the context of this chapter, Paul is referring primarily to Jews, the people of Israel, who heard the good news. They heard but did not heed, except for a believing believing Jewish remnant (Ro 9:27-note). For example, some of the Jews clearly wanted to hear Paul's views (Acts 28:22) and some in this group apparently not only heard but heeded, Luke recording...

Some (of leading men of the Jews [Ac 28:17] who were listening to Paul while he was under "house arrest" [Ac 28:16, 20] in Rome) were being persuaded (peitho [word study] in the imperfect tense) by the things spoken [see what Paul spoke in Ac 28:23], but others would not believe.  (Acts 28:24)

James Denney however notes that...

The fact remains, however, in spite of this universal preaching, that there has not been a universal surrender to the gospel. Not all; the Jews are present to the writer’s mind here, though the words might apply more widely; hence, the compassionate mode of statement … Yet this quantum of unbelief does not discomfit the apostle, for it also as well as the proclamation of the gospel, is included in prophecy.

They did not all heed the good news - Notice that "heed" or obey is used in this verse as synonymous with believe. (See related topic - Obedience of faith). Faith alone saves but the faith that saves is inextricably linked with obedience. There are many in our day who see no clear and vital relationship between faith and obedience (or "heeding" as in Ro 10:16).

The writer of Hebrews alludes to this tragic failure of the Jews to heed the good news...

For indeed we have had good news preached to us, just as they also; but the word they heard did not profit them, because it was not united by faith in those who heard. (He 4:2-note)

Peter (who like Paul also appeals to the OT) put it this way...

This precious value, then, is for you who believe. But for those who disbelieve, "THE STONE WHICH THE BUILDERS REJECTED (Ps 118:22), THIS BECAME THE VERY CORNER stone, a STONE OF STUMBLING AND A ROCK OF OFFENSE” (Isa 8:14, cp Ro 9:32, 33-note) for they stumble because they are disobedient (cp Acts 19:9) (apeitheo in the present tense = as their habitual response) to the word, and to this doom they were also appointed. (1Pe 2:7, 8-note)

Comment: BKC = To disobey the message (cf. 1Pe 4:17-note) is to reject it; and to obey it is to believe (cf. obedience in 1Pe 1:14-note, 1Pe 1:22-note and “obedient to the faith” in Acts 6:7). All who do not receive Christ as their Savior will one day face Him as their Judge (2Ti 4:1, Jn 5:20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25,26, 27, 3:18, 19, 36). Because of sin, all disobedient unbelievers are destined for a “stumbling,” which will lead to eternal condemnation. (Walvoord, J. F., Zuck, R. B., et al: The Bible Knowledge Commentary. 1985. Victor or Logos)

J Vernon McGee quips...

While we are amazed at the great number of folk who tell us that they have received Christ because of our ministry, when we look at the total picture, it is a very small minority. Who has believed our report? Not very many. (Listen to his gravelly voice on Mp3 - Romans 10:16-21)

THE
IMPORTANCE OF
HEEDING

Listen to what some of the giants of the Christian faith have to say about faith and heeding or obedience.

Therefore everyone who hears these words of Mine, and acts upon them, may be compared to a wise man, who built his house upon the rock. (Mt 7:24-note) — The Lord Jesus Christ

On the contrary. Blessed are those who hear the word of God, and observe it. (Luke 11:28) — The Lord Jesus Christ when someone  sought to bestow blessing on his mother Mary

Faith is the fountain, the foundation and the fosterer of obedience. — C. H. Spurgeon

Faith and obedience are bound up in the same bundle. He that obeys God, trusts God; and he that trusts God, obeys God. — C. H. Spurgeon

Obedience is the hallmark of faith. — C. H. Spurgeon

When a person truly trusts Christ, he or she will obey Him. — Warren Wiersbe

We see in the flood account (we see that) God has always saved people the same way: by grace (Genesis 6:8), through faith (Heb. 11:7-note)... (and) True faith leads to obedience (6:22; 7:5). — Warren Wiersbe

James 2:14-26 (see notes) discusses the relationship between faith and works, and James uses this event to illustrate his main point: true faith is always proved by obedience.— Warren Wiersbe

Hebrews 11:17-19-notes indicates that Abraham believed that God could even raise Isaac from the dead! In short, Abraham proved his faith by his works. His obedience to the Word was evidence of his faith in the Word. His faith was made perfect (brought to maturity) in his act of obedience. — Warren Wiersbe

The threefold purpose of the Bible is to inform, to inspire faith and to secure obedience. Whenever it is used for any other purpose, it is used wrongly and may do actual injury. The Holy Scriptures will do us good only as we present an open mind to be taught, a tender heart to believe and a surrendered will to obey.— A W Tozer

The best measure of a spiritual life is not its ecstasies but its obedience. —Oswald Chambers

In His Word, God tells us again and again that as believing children we are to live by faith and we are to walk by faith. This reference is to God's believing, trusting people and to the kind of faith that is saving faith. There are many other brands of faith being displayed in our world today. Saving faith—biblical faith—is on the highest level, for it is the life of trust and obedience that our Lord requires of us.— A W Tozer

The difficulty we modern Christians face is not misunderstanding the Bible, but persuading our untamed hearts to accept its plain instructions. Our problem is to get the consent of our world-loving minds to make Jesus Lord in fact as well as in word. For it is one thing to say, "Lord, Lord," and quite another thing to obey the Lord's commandments. We may sing, "Crown Him Lord of all," and rejoice in the tones of the loud-sounding organ and the deep melody of harmonious voices, but still we have done nothing until we have left the world and set our faces toward the city of God in hard practical reality. When faith becomes obedience then it is true faith indeed. — A W Tozer

A visitor, passing through a certain department of a large shop, noticed a set of regulations written on a blackboard. He also noticed that, in several particulars, every man in the shop was disregarding them. He questioned the foreman concerning the matter. At first the man was reluctant about answering him. Finally he said, "Those rules were written by one of the firm. He has neither wisdom nor judgment. If we should follow his directions, we would ruin a good part of the work." The men took their own way because they lacked faith in their commander. However else we may characterize it, failure to obey is simply lack of faith.— Bible Illustrations

The man that believes will obey; failure to obey is convincing proof that there is not true faith present. — A W Tozer

THE GREAT
TRAGEDY!

Middletown Bible observes...

How tragic! God has good news, and men don't want it! They reject God’s offer of peace (Ro 10:15-note). They reject God's invitation to be saved (Ro 10:13-note). They reject God's riches (Ro 10:12-note). They reject God's so-great salvation (Ro 10:9-note). They reject God's righteousness (Ro 10:3-note). It is the tragedy of man's foolish unbelief! They have not all obeyed the gospel. Indeed, the great majority of people have DISOBEYED the gospel (cp this idea of "obedience" = Jn 3:36,1Pe 4:17-note, Acts 6:7 Ro 1:5-note,Ro 2:8-note, Ro 15:18,19-note, Ro 16:26-note Ga 5:7, 2Th 1:8 Heb 5:9-note).

How does a person disobey the gospel? By refusing to believe it! God's commandment is clearly seen in 1Jn 3:23 (the first part of the verse), and those who disobey this command are disobedient to the gospel. Isaiah the prophet anticipated this terrible unbelief in the first verse of that important 53rd chapter which speaks of the Messiah dying for our sins. "Who hath believed our report?" Not many! How sad that the vast majority of Jews reject the great message of Isaiah 53 even to this day (and the majority of Gentiles do as well!).

"And to whom is the arm (symbol of strength and power) of the LORD revealed (uncovered, discovered)?" (Isa 53:1b) The gospel is hidden to those who are lost (2Cor 4:3, 4) and the message of the cross is "foolishness" to them (1Cor.1:18) but unto us who are saved it is the power of God (1Co1:18,24; Ro1:16-note). Isaiah 53:1 found its fulfillment in John 12:37, 38, and it is still being fulfilled today as men and women reject the gospel of God's grace (Ac 20:24) and refuse to trust the Son of God, the only Saviour (Acts 4:12, Jn 14:6). (Romans Chapter 10) (Bolding added)

Heed (5219) (hupakouo [word study] from hupó = agency or means, under + akoúo  physical hearing and apprehension of something with the mind - akouo gives us our English acoustics - the science of design which helps one hear) (Click word study on related noun hupakoe) literally means to listen under with attentiveness and to respond positively to what is heard. The sense is that one understands and responds accordingly. To "listen or hear under" conveys the idea of subordinating one’s self to the person or thing heard, and hence to obey.  It means to hearken (give respectful attention) or to listen attentively in order to answer or respond. Note that hupakouo implies an inward attitude of respect and honor, as well as external acts of obedience.  Obedience on the part of children consists in listening to the advice given by parents. In Genesis 22 Isaac's willingness to be offered as a sacrifice is a model of such submission.

The sense is that one understands and responds accordingly. Note that hupakouo implies an inward attitude of respect and honor, as well as external acts of obedience. 

Paul cites Isaiah 53:1 which introduces an extremely detailed prophecy of the redemptive work of Jesus. This clear passage is avoided or denied by unbelieving Jews. The problem is not hearing, but believing (heeding)!

Good News (2098) (euaggelion from eú = good + aggéllo = proclaim, tell) means good news, glad tidings, Saxon = gōd-spell = lit. "good tale, message". Euaggelion originally referred to a reward for good news and later became the good news itself. The word euaggelion was in just as common use in the first century as our words good news today.  “Have you any good news for me today?” would have been a common question. In this secular use euaggelion described good news of any kind and prior to the writing of the New Testament, had no definite religious connotation in the ancient world until it was taken over by the "Cult of Caesar" which was the state religion and in which the emperor was worshipped as a god (see more discussion of this use below).

Euaggelion was commonly used in the Greco-Roman culture as "a technical term for "news of victory." The messenger appears, raises his right hand in greeting and calls out with a loud voice: "rejoice …we are victorious". By his appearance it is known already that he brings good news. His face shines, his spear is decked with laurel, his head is crowned, he swings a branch of palms, joy fills the city, euaggelia are offered, the temples are garlanded, an agon (race) is held, crowns are put on for the sacrifices and the one to whom the message is owed is honored with a wreath...[thus] euaggelion is closely linked with the thought of victory in battle. " (Theological Dictionary of the New Testament) This is a convicting definition - here a pagan messenger radiantly announces good news of an earthly victory. How much more radiant should we be who are the bearers of the great news of Christ's eternal triumph over sin, Satan, and death!

The writers of the New Testament adapted the term as God's message of salvation for lost sinners. Euaggelion is found in several combination phrases, each describing the gospel like a multifaceted jewel in various terms from a different viewpoint (from the NASB, 1977): "the gospel of the kingdom" (Mt 4:23), "the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God" (Mk 1:1) because it centers in Christ, "the gospel of God" (Mk 1:14) because it originates with God and was not invented by man, "the gospel of the kingdom of God" (Lk 16:16), "the gospel of the grace of God" (Acts 20:24), "the gospel of His Son" (Ro 1:9-note), "the gospel of Christ" (Ro 15:19-note), "the gospel of the glory of Christ" (2Co 4:4), "the gospel of your salvation" (Eph 1:13-note), "the gospel of peace" (Eph 6:15-note), "the gospel of our Lord Jesus" (2Th 1:8), "the glorious gospel of the blessed God" (1Ti 1:11)

FOR ISAIAH SAYS LORD, WHO HAS BELIEVED OUR REPORT: Esaias gar legei (3SPAI) kurie, tis episteusen (3SAAI) te akoe hemon: (John 12:38, 39, 40)

ISAIAH'S
QUESTION

For Isaiah says - In this passage Paul quotes from the great chapter on "The Suffering Servant"...

Who has believed our message? And to whom has the arm of the LORD been revealed? (Isaiah 53:1)

What is the "report" Isaiah is referring to? Here it is...Isaiah 53:2ff

2 For He grew up before Him like a tender shoot, And like a root out of parched ground; He has no stately form or majesty That we should look upon Him, Nor appearance that we should be attracted to Him.
3 He was despised and forsaken of men, A man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief; And like one from whom men hide their face, He was despised, and we did not esteem Him.
4 Surely our griefs He Himself bore, And our sorrows He carried; Yet we ourselves esteemed Him stricken, Smitten of God, and afflicted.
5 But He was pierced through for our transgressions, He was crushed for our iniquities; The chastening for our well-being fell upon Him, And by His scourging we are healed.
6 All of us like sheep have gone astray, Each of us has turned to his own way; But the LORD has caused the iniquity of us all To fall on Him.
7 He was oppressed and He was afflicted, Yet He did not open His mouth; Like a lamb that is led to slaughter, And like a sheep that is silent before its shearers, So He did not open His mouth.
8 By oppression and judgment He was taken away; And as for His generation, who considered That He was cut off out of the land of the living, For the transgression of my people to whom the stroke was due?
9 His grave was assigned with wicked men, Yet He was with a rich man in His death, Because He had done no violence, Nor was there any deceit in His mouth.
10 But the LORD was pleased To crush Him, putting Him to grief; If He would render Himself as a guilt offering, He will see His offspring, He will prolong His days, And the good pleasure of the LORD will prosper in His hand.
11 As a result of the anguish of His soul, He will see it and be satisfied; By His knowledge the Righteous One, My Servant, will justify the many, As He will bear their iniquities.
12 Therefore, I will allot Him a portion with the great, And He will divide the booty with the strong; Because He poured out Himself to death, And was numbered with the transgressors; Yet He Himself bore the sin of many, And interceded for the transgressors. 

The report Paul refers to is the glorious message of the death of the Messiah (Is 53:5, 7, 8, 9, 12) and His substitutionary bearing of our sins (Is 53:4, 53:6b, Is 53:10, 11), the glorious truth which constitutes the good news of the gospel.

Who has believed our report? - Paul's rhetorical question in the original Greek construction expects a negative answer.

Report (189) (akoe from verb akoúo = to hear) is literally the ability to hear and then can refer to the act of hearing (i.e., listening) and finally to what is heard (a report or news as in Jn 12:38  = "who has believed our report" and here in Ro 10:16). The essence of akoe in this verse then is "the thing heard” and thus “a report”.

Paul proves not all of Israel would obey His Word. As noted Isaiah 53:1 introduced one of the greatest messianic chapters in the OT. Traditionally and tragically, Jewish scholars have misapplied (cp suppressed the truth in unrighteousness = Ro 1:18-note ) the truths of Isaiah 53 to the nation of Israel rather than to an individual Person, the Messiah. However it is worth noting that many ancient rabbis did interpret Isaiah 53 as presenting a picture of a suffering Messiah who would bear the sins of His people (see the discourse between Phillip and the Ethiopian eunuch regarding the meaning of Isaiah 53 in Acts 8:26-40).

In Isaiah’s day, the people did not believe God’s Word, nor did they believe when the Living Word was in their very midst. John 12:37ff records that...

though He (Jesus) had performed so many signs before them, yet they were not believing in Him; 38 that the word of Isaiah the prophet might be fulfilled, which he spoke, (quoting Isaiah 53:1)

LORD, WHO HAS BELIEVED OUR REPORT? AND TO WHOM HAS THE ARM OF THE LORD BEEN REVEALED? (Jn 12:38)

For this cause they could not believe (they refused the light they had), for Isaiah said again,

HE HAS BLINDED THEIR EYES, AND HE HARDENED THEIR HEART; LEST THEY SEE WITH THEIR EYES, AND PERCEIVE WITH THEIR HEART, AND BE CONVERTED, AND I HEAL THEM (quoting from Isaiah 6:10 "Render the hearts of this people insensitive, their ears dull, and their eyes dim, lest they see with their eyes, Hear with their ears, Understand with their hearts, And return and be healed."  The Israelites in Isaiah’s day had already hardened their hearts against the Lord, and His retributive judgment on them had already begun when Isaiah received his commission. The point is that when they would hear Isaiah's prophetic message, God explained that they would become even more hardened against the Lord.)

These things Isaiah said, because he saw His (Jesus') glory (In Isaiah 6:1ff), and he spoke of Him. (John 12:37, 38, 39, 40, 41)

John cites Isaiah 53:1 to explain how the nation saw Christ’s miracles and still refused to believe. Because they would not believe, judgment came on them and they could not believe. (cp 2Co 3:14, 15, 16).

So then faith from hearing, but hearing through the word of Christ (Literal)

Consequently, faith comes from hearing the message, and the message is heard through the word of Christ. (NIV)

So faith comes from hearing -  The gospel is preached in the power of the Holy Spirit and is heard. The same Spirit births faith in the gospel message in the hearts of the elect. This is a supernatural transaction which saved sinners have the awesome privilege to participate in and cooperate with God's Spirit, by obediently speaking forth the word of truth by which God brings new birth! (cp Jas 1:18-note, Jn 3:7, 8)

Comes from hearing - Literally out of a report.

Morris writes that...

Hearing is a reflection of first-century life. Paul does not raise the possibility of the message being read. While there were people who could read, the ordinary first-century citizen depended rather on being able to hear something.

The KJV Bible Commentary emphasizes that...

We must understand that hearing alone does not bring salvation, but faith in the message heard does. The heathen is not saved by looking at a tree and conceptualizing a god-form represented in that tree. The moralist is not saved by leading a moral life-style. Salvation comes when the message of the gospel is preached, believed, and then confessed by men. That message must come from the Word of God (or "Word of Christ"). (Dobson, E G, Charles Feinberg, E Hindson, Woodrow Kroll, H L. Wilmington: KJV Bible Commentary: Nelson or Logos)

Haldane...

Faith, then, never comes but by hearing, that is, by the word of God (word of Christ). The Apostles communicated their testimony by the living voice, and by their writings. Both are comprehended in what is called hearing. All this showed the necessity of preaching the Gospel to the Gentiles, on which Paul had been insisting, according to which there is no such thing as saving faith among heathens who have not heard of Christ. (Romans 10 Commentary Online)

D L Moody once said...

I prayed for faith and thought that some day faith would come down and strike me like lightning. But faith did not seem to come. One day I read in the tenth chapter of Romans, "Faith cometh by hearing, and hearing by the Word of God." I had up to this time closed my Bible and prayed for faith. I now opened my Bible and began to study, and faith has been growing ever since.

Jamieson writes that...

This is another confirmation of the truth that faith supposes the hearing of the Word, and this a commission to preach it.

Paul says that faith is aroused by hearing. If you hear a message, then you either have to believe it or disbelieve it. Your faith is aroused by the message. But if it is to be saving faith, he says, it must be a word about Christ.

GENUINE
FAITH

Guzik writes that...

Saving faith comes through hearing by the word of God. Although Israel heard, they did not exercise saving faith in Christ - making them (and us) all the more responsible. (Romans 10 Commentary)

Faith (4102)(pistis [word study]) is synonymous with trust or belief and is the conviction of the truth of anything, but in Scripture usually speaks of belief  respecting man's relationship to God and divine things, generally with the included idea of trust and holy fervor born of faith and joined with it. As pistis relates to God, it is the conviction that God exists and is the Creator and Ruler of all things well as the Provider and Bestower of eternal salvation through Christ. As faith relates to Christ it represents a strong and welcome conviction or belief that Jesus is the Messiah, through Whom we obtain eternal salvation and entrance into the Kingdom of Heaven. Stated another way, eternal salvation comes only through belief in Jesus Christ and no other way.

Biblical faith is not synonymous with mental assent or acquiescence which by itself is not genuine (saving) faith. For example, the apostle John gives a dramatic example of belief that fell short of genuine saving belief in John 8:30-59. The apostle records that when Jesus addressed those Jews "who had believed him" (John 8:31), their subsequent actions demonstrated that their belief was not genuine. In this exchange Jesus accused them of "seeking to kill Me" (John 8:40) declaring that these "believers" were of their father the devil (John 8:44). After several heated exchanges, these same "believing" Jews "fulfilled prophecy" proving what and who they really believed as they actually proceeded to try to kill Jesus, picking "up stones to throw at Him; but Jesus hid Himself, and went out of the temple." (John 8:59).

Tozer writes that...

True faith is not the intellectual ability to visualize unseen things to the satisfaction of our imperfect minds; it is rather the moral power to trust Christ. To be contented and unafraid when going on a journey with his father the child need not be able to imagine events; he need but know the father. Our earthly lives are one shining web of golden mystery which we experience without understanding, how much more our life in the Spirit. Jesus Christ is our all in all. We need but trust Him and He will take care of the rest....God has not failed me in this world; I can trust Him for the world to come.

Faith and morals are two sides of the same coin. Indeed the very essence of faith is moral. Any professed faith in Christ as personal Saviour that does not bring the life under plenary obedience to Christ as Lord is inadequate and must betray its victim at the last. The man that believes will obey. God gives faith to the obedient heart only. Where real repentance is, there is obedience.

True faith brings a spiritual and moral transformation and an inward witness that cannot be mistaken. These come when we stop believing in belief and start believing in the Lord Jesus Christ indeed.

Faith is not optimism, though it may breed optimism; it is not cheerfulness, though the man of faith is likely to be a reasonably cheerful; it is not a vague sense of well-being or a tender appreciation for the beauty of human togetherness. Faith is confidence in God's self-revelation as found in the Holy Scriptures.

To believe savingly in Jesus Christ is to believe all He has said about Himself and all that the prophets and apostles have said about Him. Let us beware that the Jesus we "accept" is not one we have created out of the dust of our imagination and formed after our own likeness. True faith commits us to obedience. That dreamy, sentimental faith which ignores the judgments of God against us and listens to the affirmations of the soul is as deadly as cyanide. Faith in faith is faith astray. To hope for heaven by means of such faith is to drive in the dark across a deep chasm on a bridge that does not quite reach the other side. (Of God and Men)

The faith of Paul and Luther was a revolutionizing thing. It upset the whole life of the individual and made him into another person altogether. It laid hold on the life and brought it under obedience to Christ. It had a finality about it. It snapped shut on a man's heart like a trap. It realigned all life's actions and brought them into accord with the will of God.

To escape the error of salvation by works we have fallen into the opposite error of salvation without obedience.

A whole new generation of Christians has come up believing that it is possible to "accept" Christ without forsaking the world.

Faith, as Paul saw it, was a living, flaming thing leading to surrender and obedience to the commandments of Christ.

Real faith invariably produces holiness of heart and righteousness of life.

If our faith is to have a firm foundation we must be convinced beyond any possible doubt that God is altogether worthy of our trust....A promise is only as good as the one who made it, but it is as good, and from this knowledge springs our assurance. By cultivating the knowledge of God we at the same time cultivate our faith...

True faith rests upon the character of God and asks no further proof than the moral perfections of the One who cannot lie. It is enough that God said it, and if the statement should contradict every one of the five senses and all the conclusions of logic as well, still the believer continues to believe. "Let God be true, but every man a liar" is the language of true faith. Heaven approves such faith because it rises above mere proofs and rests in the bosom of God....

Faith as the Bible knows it is confidence in God and His Son Jesus Christ; it is the response of the soul to the divine character as revealed in the Scriptures; and even this response is impossible apart from the prior inworking of the Holy Spirit. Faith is a gift of God to a penitent soul and has nothing whatsoever to do with the senses or the data they afford. Faith is a miracle; it is the ability God gives to trust His Son, and anything that does not result in action in accord with the will of God is not faith but something else short of it.

Faith is at the foundation of all Christian living, and because faith has to do with the character of God, it is safe from all vacillations of mood. A man may be believing soundly and effectively even when his mood is low, so low that he is hardly aware that he is alive emotionally at all.

True faith is not an end; it is a means to an end. It is not a destination; it is a journey, and the initial act of believing in Christ is a gate leading into the long lane we are to travel with Christ for the rest of our earthly days. That journey is hard and tired, but it is wonderful also, and no one ever regretted the weariness when he came to the end of the road.

So that word hearing (two times in Ro 10:17) is the same Greek word as the word report in Ro 10:16. For a person to be saved there must be a report or message that is heard, and this report or message must be believed. How can one obtain saving faith? He must hear the message of God's Word and respond to it in a positive way. God's Word is powerful (Heb 4:12-note), effectual (1Th 2:13-note), alive (Jn 6:63,68; He 4:12-note), penetrating (He 4:1-note; Ep 6:17-note), able to make a person wise unto salvation (2Ti 3:15-note).

Charles Hodge writes that the preceding quotation in Ro 10:16 from Isa 53:1...

A W Tozer wrote that...

faith rests not primarily upon promises, but upon character. A believer's faith can never rise higher than his conception of God. A promise is never better or worse than the character of the one who makes it. An inadequate conception of God must result in a weak faith, for faith depends upon the character of God just as a building rests upon its foundation....

Job told us, "Acquaint thyself with him and be at peace"; and Paul said, "So then faith cometh by hearing, and hearing by the word of God." These two verses show the way to a strong and lasting faith: Get acquainted with God through reading the Scriptures, and faith will come naturally...

Study the Scriptures and you will find that we are not going to have more faith by counting the promises of God. Faith does not rest upon promises. Faith rests upon character. Faith must rest in confidence upon the One who makes the promises...

If our faith is to have a firm foundation we must be convinced beyond any possible doubt that God is altogether worthy of our trust.... (Ibid)

The word - As discussed below rhema refers not just to words that are written, but which are proclaimed and spoken such that they can be audibly heard. One could paraphrase it "and hearing by the spoken word of Christ".

The word of Christ -  The NET Bible note speaking to the meaning of the word "of" states that the "genitive could be understood as either subjective ("Christ does the speaking") or objective ("Christ is spoken about"), but the latter is more likely here." The Greek scholar A T Robertson agrees -  “By the word about Christ” (objective genitive) which Alford says is the instrument or vehicle of the gospel message.

I agree with Constable who writes that

The word of Christ could mean the word from Him, namely the message that He has sent us to proclaim (Ro 10:15). It could also refer to the message concerning Christ (Ro 10:9-note). Both meanings could have been in Paul’s mind. In either case the gospel is in view. (Romans 10 Expository Notes)

As mentioned elsewhere contrary to popular opinion in some circles the Gospel is not found in the stars. And as this passage clearly teaches, hearing requires the word of Christ (or God in KJV),  the message of the Bible. General or natural revelation (such as the stars) is insufficient to save a soul!

Paul practiced what he wrote so to speak for he preeminently preached the Word of Christ...

For indeed Jews ask for signs, and Greeks search for wisdom; but we preach Christ crucified, to Jews a stumbling block, and to Gentiles foolishness, but to those who are the called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God. (1Cor 1:22, 23, 24)

For I determined to know nothing among you except Jesus Christ, and Him crucified. (1Cor 2:2)

Word (4487) (rhema [word study] from verb rheo = to speak - to say, speak or utter definite words) refers to the spoken word, especially a word as uttered by a living voice. Laleo is another word translated speak but it refers only to uttering a sound whereas rheo refers to uttering a definite intelligible word. Rhema refers to any sound produced by the voice which has a definite meaning. It focuses upon the content of the communication. For example in Luke we read...

In Jeremiah God testifies to the power of His Word...

"The prophet who has a dream may relate his dream, but let him who has My word speak My word in truth. What does straw have in common with grain?" declares the LORD. Is not My word like fire?" declares the LORD, "and like a hammer which shatters a rock? " (Jeremiah 23:28,29)

The writer of Hebrews in the context of warning to all who have heard the gospel to enter the "rest" God provides writes these famous words...

For the word of God is living and active and sharper than any two-edged sword, and piercing as far as the division of soul and spirit, of both joints and marrow, and able to judge the thoughts and intentions of the heart. And there is no creature hidden from His sight, but all things are open and laid bare to the eyes of Him with whom we have to do. (Hebrews 4:12,13-note)

The KJV (a different Greek manuscript, the Textus Receptus) has "word of God" but the preferred rendering is “word of Christ” or “the message about Christ” which in its essence is the gospel (Mt 28:19, 20 Acts 20:21). “By the word about Christ” (objective genitive). As the gospel is preached in the power of the Holy Spirit, the Spirit engenders faith in the gospel message in the hearts of those elected to salvation. And the thing heard (the gospel message), comes through the agency of the Word of Christ. So like Paul said "preach the word" not fanciful stories about the word (2Ti 4:2-note compare 1Pe 1:22, 23, 24, 25-note). The power is in the Word of Christ, the Word of God, the Word of grace (Acts 20:32), the Word of the Cross (1Cor 1:17, 18).

Newell summarizes this section...

The Greek term here for "word" is rhema, not logos. It literally is, "saying," "speech, " as in Jn 3:34; 14:10; Acts 11:14. Faith, indeed, however, does come from a report; and there must be a message and a messenger, sent of God; as we have seen. But Christ accompanies this preached word by His Almighty "voice" as we know from Jn 5:25:

The hour cometh, that the dead shall hear the voice of the Son of God, and they that hear shall live.

It is a (supernatural) "quickened" word, that creates (life giving) living faith.

It is here that the missionary urge comes! Christ must, indeed, utter His creating word from Heaven to the dead soul, saying, Live! But in 2Co 5:18,19,20, we see that while

"God was, indeed, in Christ reconciling the world unto Himself" (2Co 5:19a) He has "committed to us (Greek = literally placed in us) the word of reconciliation (katallage - word study)." (2 Co 5:19b)

"Therefore, we are ambassadors for Christ, as though God were entreating through us; we beg you on behalf of Christ, be reconciled (katallasso in aorist imperative = Urgent charge! Don't delay...you may not have tomorrow!) to God." (2Co 5:20)

Faith, indeed, comes of hearing. Do not imagine men will be saved in any other way. Earnest, prayerful Cornelius is commanded (and that by an angel) to send for

"Simon whose surname is Peter, who shall speak t-o thee words by which thou shalt be saved" (Acts 11:14).

"It pleased God by the foolishness of preaching (lit., the preached thing) Christ crucified to save them that believe" (1Co 1:21).

Note also that "faith comes." If you hear, with a willing heart, the good news, that Christ died for you; that He was buried; that He was raised from the dead: by truly "hearing" faith will "come" to you. You do not have to do a thing but hear!

So there is God’s part - He gave, by the Spirit, the written Word.

And Christ’s part - He speaks, quickening the Word.

And your part - "He that hath ears, hear."
(Romans 10 Commentary)

Dr. E. Meyers Harrison, veteran missionary and professor of missions, says that there are four reasons why the church must send out missionaries:

(1) the command from above—“go ye into all the world” (Mark 16:15)

(2) the cry from beneath—“send him to my father’s house” (Luke 16:27)

(3) the call from without—“come over and help us” (Acts 16:9)

(4) the constraint from within—“the love of Christ constraineth us” (2Cor. 5:14)

Hearing alone does not bring salvation, but faith, trust or belief in the message heard does bring salvation. Salvation comes when the message of the gospel is preached, believed, and Jesus is confessed as Lord. This message must come from the Word of Christ.

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J K Johnson tells the following story...

Many years ago in a Moscow theater, matinee idol Alexander Rostovzev was converted while playing the role of Jesus in a sacrilegious play entitled Christ in a Tuxedo. He was supposed to read two verses from the Sermon on the Mount, remove his gown, and cry out,

“Give me my tuxedo and top hat!”

But as he read the words,

“Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Blessed are they that mourn, for they shall be comforted,”

He began to tremble. Instead of following the script, he kept reading from Matthew 5, ignoring the coughs, calls, and foot-stamping of his fellow actors. Finally, recalling a verse he had learned in his childhood in a Russian Orthodox church, he cried,

“Lord, remember me when Thou comest into Thy kingdom!” (Luke 23:42).

A
RHETORICAL
QUESTION

Romans 10:18-21 gives three results of Israel's rejection of the "word of Christ", and each result is supported by an OT quotation.

But I say - As Denney says with this phrase Paul "introduces a plea on their (Israel's) behalf".

Surely they have never heard - With this rhetorical question Paul anticipates an objection from some of his Jewish readers. This clause even uses the double negative (me ouk) which is the strongest way possible of conveying a  negative response. In other words, the question is "Have they in no way heard (because we know that they have to hear in order to believe)?" to which Paul responds "No, they have heard!"

Voice (5353) (phthoggos) means a musical sound, vocal or instrumental and here Paul applies it to the human voice (quoting the Greek translation of Ps 19:4).

Into all the earth - This phrase appears first in the sentence to emphasize the universal accessibility of general revelation. Creation gives worldwide, ample witness of the Creator so that it is little wonder that those who desire to suppress the truth in unrighteousness (Ro 1:18-note) advocate natural evolution and abhor supernatural creation!

F F Bruce comments that...

This might seem an exaggeration: the gospel had not been carried throughout all the earth, not even to all the lands that were known to the inhabitants of the Graeco-Roman world. Paul was well aware of that; at this very time he was planning the evangelization of Spain, a province where the name of Christ was not yet known (cp Ro 15:18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24-note). But  But by now the gospel had been carried to most parts of the Mediterranean area where Jews were to be found; and that is all the argument requires.

Adam Clarke adds that...

There is not a part of the promised land in which these glad tidings have not been preached; and there is scarcely a place in the Roman empire in which the doctrine of Christ crucified has not been heard: if, therefore, the Jews have not believed, the fault is entirely their own; as God has amply furnished them with the means of faith of salvation.

You've probably heard the argument "what about all those who have have never heard." Paul has already explained that there are none "who have never heard". In Romans 1 he wrote...

that which is known about God is evident within them (don't miss this truth - it describes the primitive tribesman as well as the intellectual agnostic!); for God made it evident to them (God is not unfair!).  For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes, His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen, being understood through what has been made (Creation testifying to the assurance that their is a Creator), so that (conclusion) they are without excuse. (Ro 1:19, 20- notes Ro 1:19, 20)

NO
EXCUSE!

So the point of Romans 1 is that the pagans had heard about God but they willfully rejected the light they had and God gave them over to their sin (Study Ro 1:21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 -See notes Romans 1:21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32)

Someone might still argue with Paul agreeing that Romans 1 takes care of the pagans but what about the Jews -- “How do you know that Israel really heard?” So here in Romans 10:18, Paul answers by appealing to the Word of God, specifically quoting from a psalm of David...

Their line has gone out through all the earth, and their utterances to the end of the world. In them He has placed a tent for the sun (Psalms 19:4)

Spurgeon commenting on Psalm 19:4 writes...

 Although the heavenly bodies move in solemn silence, yet in reason's ear they utter precious teachings. They give forth no literal words, but yet their instruction is clear enough to be so described. Horne says that the phrase employed indicates a language of signs, and thus we are told that the heavens speak by their significant actions and operations. Nature's words are like those of the deaf and dumb, but grace tells us plainly of the Father.

By their line is probably meant the measure of their domain which, together with their testimony, has gone out to the utmost end of the habitable earth. No man living beneath the copes of heaven dwells beyond the bounds of the diocese of God's Court preachers; it is easy to escape from the light of ministers, who are as stars in the right hand of the Son of Man; but even then men, with a conscience not yet seared, will find a Nathan to accuse them, a Jonah to warn them, and an Elijah to threaten them in the silent stars of night. To gracious souls the voices of the heavens are more influential far, they feel the sweet influences of the Pleiades, and are drawn towards their Father God by the bright bands of Orion. 

Psalm 19 is the OT counterpart of Romans 1:19ff and likewise emphasizes the revelation of God in Nature or Creation (So- called "Natural Revelation" -- see a  nice summary of the Revelation of God). Read David's great Psalm and observe how God reveals Himself first in creation (Ps 19:1-6) and then in His Word (Psalm 19:7-11)...

Psalm 19:1-6
General Revelation:
The Witness of Creation

1 The heavens are telling of the glory of God (The Name El = the strong One - used in vv 1-6); And their expanse is declaring the work of His hands. (SN = Spurgeon's notes on each verse of this Psalm)
2 Day to day pours forth speech, And night to night reveals knowledge. (SN)
3 There is no speech, nor are there words; Their voice is not heard. (SN) (Kidner calls this "the paradox of wordless speech")
4 Their line has gone out through all the earth, And their utterances to the end of the world. In them He has placed a tent for the sun, (SN)
5 Which is as a bridegroom coming out of his chamber (pictures the glory); It rejoices as a strong man to run his course (pictures the power). (SN)
6 Its rising is from one end of the heavens, And its circuit to the other end of them; And there is nothing hidden from its heat. (SN) (Pictures the universality of the non-verbal testimony of God the Creator - can you see why the assault on creation by evolutionists is a frontal assault on God Himself and how evolution is ultimately a spiritual issue intended by the Adversary to blunt the clear witness of Jehovah God!)

Psalm 19:7-11
Special Revelation:
The Law of Moses

7 The law of the LORD (Name now switches to Yahweh or Jehovah stressing His covenant relationship to Israel. Thus El = Jehovah, Israel's God, and not some pagan "sun god"!) is perfect, restoring the soul;
   The testimony of the LORD is sure, making wise the simple. (SN)
8 The precepts of the LORD are right, rejoicing the heart;
   The commandment of the LORD is pure, enlightening the eyes.  (SN)
9 The fear of the LORD is clean, enduring forever;
   The judgments of the LORD are true; they are righteous altogether.  (SN)
10 They are more desirable than gold, yes, than much fine gold;
    Sweeter also than honey and the drippings of the honeycomb.  (SN)
11 Moreover, by them Thy servant is warned;
   In keeping them there is great reward.  (SN)

Psalm 19:12-14
Revelation Stimulates
Fervent, Specific Prayer

12 Who can discern his errors? Acquit me of hidden faults (exposed by the light of God's Word).  (SN)
13 Also keep back Thy servant from presumptuous sins; Let them not rule over me; Then I shall be blameless, and I shall be acquitted of great transgression.  (SN)
14 Let the words of my mouth and the meditation of my heart be acceptable in Thy sight, O LORD, my Rock and my Redeemer.  (SN)

Who was the recipient of Psalm 19? Israel of course and so in contrast to the pagans who saw ("heard") only the natural revelation in Creation, the nation of Israel had the benefit of two "books", for she saw God at work in nature (Ro 1:19, 20-note) and she also received God’s written Word ("they were entrusted with the oracles of God" Ro 3:2-note). Israel heard, but she refused to heed. Little wonder that Jesus so often declared to the crowds “He that has ears to hear, let him hear!” (cp Mt 11:15, Mk 4:9, 4:23, 7:16, Lk 8:8, 14:35)

In summary, all men, both Gentiles and Jews, are "without excuse," (Ro 1:20-note and Ro 2:1-note) for The Creator provided a clear and complete witness in the creation of His existence and even given Israel the double witness of Creation and His Law.

Spurgeon put it this way...

In God's works we see His hand, but in His Word His face. (Ed: Israel missed His hand and His face!)

Paul's point in this verse is to emphasize that Israel had ample opportunity from natural and special revelation to respond to the truth about God and was responsible to respond to these clear witnesses God had provided to the people of Israel. It is worth noting that as Paul emphasizes, most of the Jews rejected the truth about God, but there was always a believing remnant.

G Campbell Morgan's words aptly apply to Israel's rejection...

Unbelief is not failure in intellectual apprehension. It is disobedience in the presence of the clear commands of God.

ROLE OF
NATURAL
REVELATION

As an aside, it is important to note what Paul is not saying. Paul is not saying in this section that the Gospel was present in the stars or in the Creation (you may have heard this taught but it is absolutely incorrect). Natural revelation points people to God but natural revelation is insufficient to save. If men reject God's natural revelation, they are lost. If they respond to natural revelation, God will somehow get them the special revelation of the Gospel.

William Guthrie wrote that...

God excludes none if they do not exclude themselves.

If you are skeptical of the role and the "power" of God's natural revelation to kindle in a good heart (Lk 8:15) a response that seeks for God (Isa 55:6), there is a fascinating book entitled Eternity in their Hearts, which you must consider reading, for in it the author Don Richardson gives concrete examples of the effect of natural revelation on primitive people groups. Here is a snippet from the back cover of this fascinating book that should stimulate you to want to read the incredible supernatural saga of how unreached people group after unreached people group were stirred by God's Creation, or Natural Revelation to know the Creator, the true and living God...

The year is 1795, and deep in the jungles of Burma hundreds of native tribesmen rush out to a clearing to greet a white-skinned stranger. Could he be the one to bring the book their forefathers lost so many centuries ago -- the book that tells the secrets of Y'Wa, the Supreme God? Yes! And later missionaries were astounded at the way in which God had prepared these people for one of the greatest mass conversions in history!

The photograph on the cover of this book portrays the ruins of Machu Picchu, a majestic fortress in Peru built in the fifteenth century. Anyone who has been awed by its splendor will want to read how Pachacuti, the Inca king who founded it, accomplished something far more significant than merely building fortresses, temples or monuments. His story is yet another example of how the concept of a supreme God has existed for centuries in hundreds of cultures throughout the world.

These and twenty-five other incredible-but-true stories prove the truth of the words in Ecclesiastes: "He (God) has also set eternity in the hearts of men." (Richardson, Don: Eternity in their Hearts - Highly Recommended)

And so a universal proclamation that has gone forth, and if it is observed ("heard"), and if it is noticed and followed, God will give more light.  All men everywhere are responsible to seek the God Who is revealed in nature and in the heavens. Now, they may have no more light than that. But, if they, are obedient to it, God is responsible to send someone to speak the gospel to them so that they might be saved. Those who refuse to trust in God do so, not because they are ignorant but because they willfully, deliberately, actively, continually (present tense) suppress (hold down, quash) the truth in unrighteousness (Ro 1:18-note).

Os Guinness rightly comments that such blatant, bold-faced...

Unbelief in the biblical view is not passive, an innocent but inaccurate view of the world that has unfortunately 'got it wrong' at a few points. Rather, unbelief is active, driven by a dark dynamism (Ed: Called Sin and flesh)

As Calvin put it...

Unbelieving and irreligious men have no ears.

Puritan writer Stephen Charnock asked...

Is not he as much guilty of his own death that rejects a medicine as he that cuts his own throat?

Tozer puts it this way...

Unbelief says: Some other time, but not now; some other place, but not here; some other people, but not us.

Horatius Bonar said that...

In all unbelief there are these two things: a good opinion of one's self and a bad opinion of God.

Henry Drummond has an interesting quote writing that...

Christ distinguished between doubt and unbelief. Doubt says, 'I can't believe.' Unbelief says, 'I won't belief.’ Doubt is honest. Unbelief is obstinate.

I like Spurgeon's statement that...

Unbelief will destroy the best of us. Faith will save the worst of us.

A W Tozer said that...

The cause of unbelief in the heart is always sin in the life. Let the seeker deal with his sin radically, and he is not likely thereafter to experience much difficulty in believing. For believing is not an act of the intellect. It is an act of the will. It is a moral thing, not a mental one.

So what is the answer to one of the most frequent arguments by skeptics of "What about those who have never heard about God?" As plainly as it can be stated the answer is that "There aren't any people who have never heard about God."

Their words to the ends of the world - This declaration again emphasizes the universal scope of natural (general) revelation. The "spoken words" (rhema) penetrated into (eis) the ends (peras from pera = beyond - the farthest end of a space, the limit or boundary) of the inhabited world. Natural revelation "speaks" a clear message to intelligent creatures (mankind).

World (3635) (oikoumene the feminine participle present passive of  oikeo = to dwell or abide) describes the inhabited portion of the earth, exclusive of the heavens above and hell below. The Romans used oikoumene in their secular writings to refer to the Roman Empire, for to them their empire equated with the whole world. Finally, in some NT contexts oikoumene was used to refer to the inhabitants of the world (see below Acts 17:31, 19:27, Re 12:9 - note)

Oikoumene is used 40 times in the non-apocryphal Septuagint (LXX) (2 Sam. 22:16; Est. 3:13; Ps. 9:8; 18:15; 19:4; 24:1; 33:8; 49:1; 50:12; 72:8; 77:18; 89:11; 90:2; 93:1; 96:10, 13; 97:4; 98:7, 9; Prov. 8:31; Isa. 10:14, 23; 13:5, 9, 11; 14:17, 26; 23:17; 24:1, 4; 27:6; 34:1; 37:16, 18; 62:4; Jer. 10:12; 51:15; Lam. 4:12; Dan. 2:38; 3:2). Here are some representative uses (note the preponderance of uses in the Psalms)...
 

Psalm 9:8 And He will judge the world (Hebrew = tebel = inhabited world; Lxx = oikoumene) in righteousness; He will execute judgment for the peoples with equity.
 

Psalm 19:4 Their line has gone out through all the earth, And their utterances to the end of the world (Hebrew = tebel = inhabited world; Lxx = oikoumene). In them He has placed a tent for the sun

Psalm 96:13 Before the LORD, for He is coming; For He is coming to judge the earth. He will judge the world (Hebrew = tebel = inhabited world; Lxx = oikoumene) in righteousness, And the peoples in His faithfulness.

Here are the 15 NT uses of oikoumene...
 

Matthew 24:14 "And this gospel of the kingdom shall be preached in the whole world for a witness to all the nations, and then the end shall come.

Luke 2:1 Now it came about in those days that a decree went out from Caesar Augustus, that a census be taken of all the inhabited earth.

Luke 4:5 And he led Him up and showed Him all the kingdoms of the world in a moment of time.

Luke 21:26 men fainting from fear and the expectation of the things which are coming upon the world; for the powers of the heavens will be shaken.

Acts 11:28 And one of them named Agabus stood up and began to indicate by the Spirit that there would certainly be a great famine all over the world. And this took place in the reign of Claudius.

Acts 17:6 And when they did not find them, they began dragging Jason and some brethren before the city authorities, shouting, "These men who have upset the world have come here also;

Acts 17:31 because He has fixed a day in which He will judge the world in righteousness through a Man whom He has appointed, having furnished proof to all men by raising Him from the dead."

Acts 19:27 "And not only is there danger that this trade of ours fall into disrepute, but also that the temple of the great goddess Artemis be regarded as worthless and that she whom all of Asia and the world worship should even be dethroned from her magnificence."

Acts 24:5 "For we have found this man a real pest and a fellow who stirs up dissension among all the Jews throughout the world, and a ringleader of the sect of the Nazarenes.

Romans 10:18 (note) But I say, surely they have never heard, have they? Indeed they have; "Their voice has gone out into all the earth, And their words to the ends of the world."

Hebrews 1:6 (note) And when He again brings the first-born into the world, He says, "And let all the angels of God worship Him."

Hebrews 2:5 (note) For He did not subject to angels the world to come, concerning which we are speaking.

Revelation 3:10 (note) 'Because you have kept the word of My perseverance, I also will keep you from the hour of testing, that hour which is about to come upon the whole world, to test those who dwell upon the earth.

Revelation 12:9 (note) And the great dragon was thrown down, the serpent of old who is called the devil and Satan, who deceives the whole world; he was thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him.

Revelation 16:14 (note) for they are spirits of demons, performing signs, which go out to the kings of the whole world, to gather them together for the war of the great day of God, the Almighty.

The True Light

Christ, whose glory fills the skies
Christ, the true, the only Light,
Sun of righteousness, arise,
Triumph o'er the shades of night;

Dayspring from on high, be near,
Daystar, in my heart appear.
Dark and cheerless is the morn,
Unaccompanied by Thee;
Joyless is the day's return
Till Thy mercy's beams I see;

Till Thy inward life impart,
Glad my eyes, and warm my heart.