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Romans
8:10-11 Commentary |
|
Romans
8:10
If
Christ is in you,
though the
body is
dead
because of
sin,
yet the
spirit is
alive
because of
righteousness.
(NASB:
Lockman) |
|
Greek:
ei
de
Christos
en
humin,
to
men
soma
nekron
dia
hamartian,
to
de
pneuma
zoe
dia
dikaiosunen.
Amplified:
But if Christ lives in you, [then although] your [natural] body is
dead by reason of sin and guilt, the spirit is alive because of [the]
righteousness [that He imputes to you]. (Amplified
Bible - Lockman)
Barclay: But
if Christ is in you, even if because of sin your body is mortal, your
Spirit has life through righteousness. (Westminster
Press)
Hendriksen: “But if Christ is in you, though the body is dead
because of sin, yet the Spirit is life because of your justification.”
KJV: And if Christ be in you, the body is dead because of sin;
but the Spirit is life because of righteousness.
NLT: Since Christ lives within you, even though your body will
die because of sin, your spirit is alive because you have been made
right with God. (NLT
- Tyndale House)
Phillips: Now if Christ does live within you his presence means
that your sinful nature is dead, but your spirit becomes alive because
of the righteousness he brings with him. (Phillips:
Touchstone)
Wuest: But, assuming that Christ is in you, on the one hand the
body is dead on account of sin, but on the other hand the [human]
spirit is alive on account of righteousness. (Eerdmans)
Young's Literal: and if Christ is in you, the body, indeed, is
dead because of sin, and the Spirit is life because of righteousness |
|
REFERENCES |
|
Don Anderson
Paul Apple
Albert Barnes
Wayne Barber
Brian Bell
Brian Bill
John Calvin
Alan Carr
B H Carroll
Rich Cathers
Adam Clarke
Thomas Constable
Bob Deffinbaugh
Bob Deffinbaugh
Early Church
Theodore Epp
Explore the Bible
Dan Fortner
Dan Fortner
Frederic Godet
Bruce Goettsche
Scott Grant
David Guzik
Robert Haldane
Richard Halverson
Matthew Henry
Dan Hill
Charles Hodge
Jamieson, F, B
S Lewis Johnson
S Lewis Johnson
Keith Krell
John MacArthur
John MacArthur
John MacArthur
John MacArthur
Alexander Maclaren
J Vernon McGee
Middletown
H C G Moule
William Newell
John Piper
John Piper
John Piper
John Piper
John Piper
John Piper
Ray Pritchard
A T Robertson
Gil Rugh
Rob Salvato
C H Spurgeon
C H Spurgeon
Claude Stauffer
Ray Stedman
Ray Stedman
Marvin Vincent
Drew Worthen
Drew Worthen
Steve Zeisler
Precept Ministries |
Romans Study Guide
in Pdf
Romans Notes in
Outline Form
Romans 8 Commentary
Romans 8:5-11 Free to
Be What God Wants Us to Be
Romans 8:1-11
Romans 8:2-11 Living the
Spirit-controlled Life
Romans 8: Commentary
Romans 8:5-13 The
Differences Of The Spirit Life
Romans: Studies in
Romans
Romans 8:1-9 Notes
Romans 8 Commentary
Romans 8 Expository Notes
Romans 8 From Agony to Ecstasy
Romans 8:1-17 Siding With the Spirit
Romans 8 from Anti-Nicene
Fathers
Romans 8:6-17 Your
Debt to God's Spirit
Romans 8:1-14 Led by
the Spirit
Romans 8:1-39 The Glorious
Eighth Chapter Of Romans
Romans 8:1-39 The Glorious
Eighth Chapter Of Romans
Romans Commentary
Romans 8:5-11 Two Kinds of
People
Romans 8:1-11
Freedom From Condemnation
Romans 8: Well Done
Brief Notes
Romans 8 Commentary
Romans: Prologue to
Prison - Commentary
Romans 8 Commentary
Romans Notes - Verse
by Verse Notes
Romans Commentary
online
Romans 8 Commentary
Romans 8:5-17 -
Html, MS Word, Pdf, Mp3
Romans 8:5-17 -
Html, MS Word, Pdf, Mp3
Romans 8:1-11:
Spirit Takes Us from Sin to Righteousness
Romans 8:1-11 The
Spirit Takes Us from Sin to Righteousness - Guide
Romans 8:1-11 The
Spirit Takes Us from Sin to Righteousness
Romans 8:4-6 The Transforming
Work of the Spirit, Part 1
Romans 8:7-11 The
Transforming Work of the Spirit, Part 2
Romans 8:8 Christ
Condemning Sin.
Romans
Mp3's
by chapter/verse
Romans 8
The Epistle of Paul
the Apostle to the Romans
Romans 8: Expository Notes
Verse by Verse
Romans 8:7-11 Christian, Know
Whose You Are
Romans 8:9-11 The Spirit Will
Give Life to Your Mortal Bodies
Romans 8:10-17 How to Kill
Sin, Part 1
Romans 8:10-17 How to Kill
Sin, Part 2
Romans 8:10-17 How to Kill
Sin, Part 3
Romans 8:11 The Spirit of the
Age
Romans 8:5-17:
Life in the Spirit
Romans 8: Greek Word Studies
Romans 8:1ff: How to Have
Victory Over Sin
Romans 8:1-11 Being Spiritually Minded
Romans 8 Exposition
Romans 8:12: The Christian--A
Debtor
Romans 8
Romans 8:5-14: In
the Arena
Romans 8:5-13: Why
Not Live?
Romans 8: Greek Word Studies
Romans 7:16-8:7
Romans 8:8-11 The Spirit Of
Christ Resides In Every Child Of God
Romans 8:1-17 Living
By The Spirit
Romans Inductive
Bible Study |
|
|
ROMANS ROAD
to RIGHTEOUSNESS |
Romans
1:18-3:20
|
Romans
3:21-5:21 |
Romans
6:1-8:39 |
Romans
9:1-11:36 |
Romans
12:1-16:27 |
|
SIN
|
SALVATION
|
SANCTIFICATION |
SOVEREIGNTY |
SERVICE |
NEED
FOR
SALVATION |
WAY
OF
SALVATION |
LIFE
OF
SALVATION |
SCOPE
OF
SALVATION |
SERVICE
OF
SALVATION |
God's Holiness
In
Condemning
Sin |
God's Grace
In
Justifying
Sinners |
God's Power
In
Sanctifying
Believers |
God's Sovereignty
In
Saving
Jew and Gentile |
Gods Glory
The
Object of
Service |
Deadliness
of Sin |
Design
of Grace |
Demonstration of
Salvation |
|
Power Given
|
Promises Fulfilled |
Paths Pursued |
Righteousness
Needed |
Righteousness
Credited |
Righteousness
Demonstrated |
Righteousness
Restored to Israel |
Righteousness
Applied |
God's Righteousness
IN LAW |
God's Righteousness
IMPUTED |
God's Righteousness
OBEYED |
God's Righteousness
IN ELECTION |
God's Righteousness
DISPLAYED |
|
Slaves to Sin |
Slaves to God |
Slaves Serving God |
|
Doctrine |
Duty |
|
Life by Faith |
Service by Faith |
|
Modified from Irving
L. Jensen's excellent work "Jensen's
Survey of the NT" |
AND IF CHRIST IS IN YOU THOUGH THE
(physical, mortal)
BODY IS DEAD BECAUSE OF SIN: ei de
Christos en humin to men soma nekron dia hamartian: (Torrey's
Topic Union with Christ)
(John 6:56; 14:20,23; 15:5; 17:23;
2Corinthians 13:5; Ephesians 3:17; Colossians 1:27) (Ro 5:11; 5:12;
2Corinthians 4:11; 5:1, 2, 3, 4; 1Thessalonians 4:16; Hebrews 9:27;
2Peter 1:13,14; Revelation 14:13)
And is
probably better rendered "but" (1161)
as it indicates a contrast to what Paul has said before. Note that he
now begins to address the reader as "you", indicating that he is
speaking to believers
The subject that
Paul is dealing with in this verse is how the “dead” body, in
which sin dwells, can also be a vessel of the life of God. His
answer is in the next verse. It is the Holy Spirit Who gives life to our
mortal bodies.
If (1487)
(ei) defines a condition of the first class or one that is
assumed to be true. If can be understood as since or
because. If does not express doubt but indicates that He is
in the believer.
Since "Christ
is in you" means that Christ Himself is in us. The indwelling of the
Holy Spirit is the indwelling of Christ Himself. Compare Paul's
statement in Ephesians 3 where he prays that the Father...
would grant you, according to the
riches of His glory, to be strengthened with power through His Spirit
in the inner man so that Christ may dwell in your hearts
through faith; and that you, being rooted and grounded in love
(Ephesians 3:16-17)
In Colossians
Paul stated the same truth writing that Christ had been made known to
the saints...
to whom God willed to make known what
is the riches of the glory of this mystery among the Gentiles, which is
Christ in you, the hope of glory. (Col 1:27-note)
In Galatians
Paul reiterated this truth declaring...
"I have been crucified with Christ;
and it is no longer I who live, but Christ lives in me; and the
life which I now live in the flesh I live by faith in the Son of God,
who loved me, and delivered Himself up for me. (Galatians 2:20)
Body (4983)
(soma) refers to an organized whole made up of parts and members.
Here soma refers to human the body which is the external man, the
human frame which contains the seeds of decay and is mortal, doomed to
death, in time due to sin.
Dead (3498)
(nekros from nékus = a corpse = English - necropsy,
necrophobia, etc) refers to that which is literally dead even though
that end has not yet been realized. Nevertheless the forces of death are
working in our bodies and they will all inevitably die, except those
whose bodies are are raptured.
The reference to
the body as dead because of sin is clearly a reference to
its ultimate destiny by the infliction of the penalty of sin (cf. Ge
3:19; Ro 5:12-note).
Godet writes that...
The term dead here signifies:
irrevocably smitten with death. The human body bears within itself from
its formation the germ of death; it begins to die the instant it begins
to live. (Romans Commentary
Online)
This verse in part
addresses Paul's question in Romans 7...
Wretched man that I am! Who will set
me free from the body of this death? (see note
Romans 7:24)
Sin (266)
(hamartia) originally conveyed the idea of missing the mark as
when hunting with a bow and arrow and then came to mean missing or
falling short of any goal, standard, or purpose. In Scripture sin often
describes our thoughts, words and deeds that miss the ultimate purpose
God has for each individual, these thoughts, words and deeds falling
short of God’s perfect standard of holiness. "Sin" in this
context does not describe the actions or results (sins we commit)
but describes the underlying root cause, the principle or, in medical
terms (I'm a physician with sub specialization in infectious disease),
the "virus" we have all inherited from Adam that dooms our physical
bodies to decay and eventually die. Sin has been defeated
by Christ, but sin and death still claim their hold on our mortal
bodies. Yet in these bodies we are alive spiritually and can live by the
Spirit’s guidance.
Matthew Henry has some
interesting comments about the body...
is a frail, mortal, dying body,
and it will be dead shortly; it is a house of clay, whose foundation is
in the dust. The life purchased and promised does not immortalize the
body in its present state. It is dead, that is, it is appointed to
die, it is under a sentence of death: as we say one that is condemned is
a dead man. In the midst of life we are in death: be our bodies ever so
strong, and healthful, and handsome, they are as good as dead (Heb
11:12), and this because of sin. It is sin that kills the body. This
effect the first threatening has (Ge 3:19): Dust thou art. Methinks,
were there no other argument, love to our bodies should make us hate
sin, because it is such an enemy to our bodies. The death even of the
bodies of the saints is a remaining token of God’s displeasure against
sin. (Henry, M. Matthew Henry's Commentary on the Whole Bible)
Those who have Christ in them now have a brand new vitality.
Yes, our mortal, physical bodies are dying because sin killed our bodies, but
our spirit is alive because Christ lives in us and the
righteousness of God has been imputed to us. "Therefore we do not lose
heart, but though our outer man is decaying, yet our inner man is being
renewed day by day" (2Cor 4:16), growing stronger because of the life we have in our
bodies from the Spirit of God.
William Newell notes that in
this verse...
"...we have the answer to our Lord's
prayer in John 17:21-22: "I pray . . . that they
may all be one; even as Thou, Father, art in Me, and I in Thee, that
they also may be in us: ... that they may be one, even as we are one."
We have seen in an earlier chapter how we came to be in Christ: that
God, having ended our history before Himself as connected with the first
Adam, at the cross, created us in Christ, the Last Adam, the Second Man.
Thus was the one part of our Lord's intercession answered. We are in
Christ. But the other part of the great mystery is here before us in
Romans 8.10: Christ is in us. Although, as we know, He is within us by
His Spirit, yet it is Christ Himself who is in us."
(Romans 8: Expository Notes Verse by Verse).
Sin (the principle) still lives in these "dead" and dying bodies.
Spurgeon put it this way...
"There is no doctrine more true to
experience than this, that corruption remains even in the hearts of the
regenerate, and that when we would do good evil is present with us...We
are often like a glass of water which has been standing still for hours
and looks very clear and bright. But there is a sediment, and a little
stir soon discovers it and clouds the crystal. That sediment is the old
nature."
One day soon we will receive our glorified body and then sin's presence and pleasure will
be forever totally eradicated. Lord haste the day!
Moule commenting on this verse
writes that...
But if Christ is, thus by the Spirit,
in you, dwelling by faith in the hearts which the Spirit has,
“strengthened” to receive Christ (Ephesians 3:16, 17) — true, the body
is dead, because of sin, the primeval sentence still holds its way
“there”; the body is deathful still, it is the body of the Fall; but the
Spirit is life (see discussion below whether Paul means Spirit of God or
man's spirit), He is in that body, your secret of power and peace
eternal, because of righteousness, because of the merit of your Lord, in
which you are accepted, and which has won for you this wonderful
Spirit-life. (The Epistle of Paul
the Apostle to the Romans - Online)
YET THE SPIRIT
IS ALIVE
BECAUSE OF RIGHTEOUSNESS: to de pneuma zoe dia dikaiosunen:
(John 4:14; 6:54; 11:25,26; 14:19; 1Corinthians 15:45; 2Corinthians 5:6,
7, 8; Philippians 1:23; Colossians 3:3,4; Hebrews 12:23; Revelation
7:14, 15, 16, 17) (Ro 5:21; 2Corinthians 5:21; Philippians 3:9)
Literally this reads "yet the spirit
is life".
Matthew Henry writes that...
the spirit, the precious soul, that
is life; it is now spiritually alive, nay, it is life. Grace in the soul
is its new nature; the life of the saint lies in the soul, while the
life of the sinner goes no further than the body. When the body dies,
and returns to the dust, the spirit if life; not only living and
immortal, but swallowed up of life. Death to the saints is but the
freeing of the heaven-born spirit from the clog and load of this body,
that it may be fit to partake of eternal life. (Ibid)
Yet (1161)
(de) emphasizes the contrast between these preceding statement
(body dead because of sin) and this statement (spirit is alive because
of righteousness).
Some favor that "the spirit"
refers to the person's spirit while others favor a reference to the Holy
Spirit (observe this difference of opinion in the translations above,
where some capitalize Spirit and some do not). In a sense although I
favor the human spirit, there is a sense in which the Holy Spirit is
also correct because the human spirit, having
been quickened at regeneration, is possessed of the inalienable
principle of life, but only by virtue of the power of the Holy Spirit
of God. That said here are a few conservative commentators who argue for
spirit with a small "s".
Wuest favors a "small s"
writing...
The word here refers, not to the Holy
Spirit which is not a logical contrast to the human body, but to the
human spirit, that part of man which gives him God-consciousness and
enables him when that spirit is made alive by the Holy Spirit, to
worship God. The believer’s human body is dead in the sense that it has
death in it because of sin, Adam’s sin which brought both spiritual and
physical death to each member of the race. The believer’s spirit is
alive (zoe)
in that the Holy Spirit energizes it with divine life which is righteous
in its quality. Eternal life is not only unending in its nature, but
also ethical and spiritual in its content.
(Wuest,
K. S. Wuest's Word Studies from the Greek New Testament: Studies in the
Vocabulary of the Greek New Testament: Grand Rapids: Eerdmans)
S Lewis Johnson agrees noting
that...
The word "spirit" in the clause, "but
the spirit is life because of righteousness," is probably a reference to
the human spirit and not the Holy Spirit, although that is the
interpretation of the translators of the Authorized Version, for they
capitalize the word. The contrast with body makes the reference to the
human spirit likely, but the human spirit as regenerate. It is given new
life in regeneration (cf. John 6:50, 51; 11:26). (Romans 8:5-17)
Charles
Hodge also agrees writing
that...
By spirit here Paul does not
mean the Holy Spirit, but the human spirit, since it is contrasted with
body in the former clause. The body is dead, but the spirit is alive. It
should not therefore be printed with a capital S, as in the KJV. The
sense in which the spirit is life is antithetical to that in which the
body is dead. As the body is infected with a principle of decay which
renders its dissolution inevitable, so the soul in which the Holy Spirit
dwells has a principle of life which secures its immortal and blessed
existence. (Romans Commentary
online)
Alive (2222)
(zoe)
is literally "life" as opposed to death in previous section. It is the
state of one who is possessed of vitality or is animate. Note that this
verse reads more literally "the spirit is life".
Godet writes that...
The life of God does not
become merely an attribute of the spirit in man through the Holy Spirit;
it becomes his nature. ((Romans Commentary
Online)
Denny writes...
“God-begotten, God-sustained life”
(Denney), if Christ is in you.
Paul explains to the Ephesians that
God...
even when we were dead in our
transgressions, made us alive together with Christ (by grace you
have been saved), and raised us up with Him, and seated us with Him in
the heavenly places, in Christ Jesus (Ephesians 2:5-6)
Righteousness (1343)
(dikaiosune
[word study] from
dikaios [word study]
= being proper or right in the
sense of being fully justified being or in accordance with what God
requires) is the quality of being upright. In its simplest sense
dikaiosune
conveys the idea of conformity to a standard or norm. In this sense
righteousness is the opposite of hamartia (sin), which is defined as
missing of the mark set by God.
In this sense righteousness is the opposite of hamartia (sin),
which is defined as missing of the mark set by God.
Righteousness in Biblical terms describes the righteousness
acceptable to God which means it is in keeping with what God is in His
holy character.
Because Christ is in us and He is perfect righteousness, we have been
declared right with God -- that is, because of the divinely-imparted righteousness by which every believer is justified (Ro
3:21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26-see
note
Ro 3:21-23;
3:24-26). The
eternal, spiritual life of God is implanted by the indwelling Holy
Spirit and Jesus Christ here and now, even though a believer’s body is
mortal.
Dikaiosune is
rightness of character before God and rightness of actions before men.
Righteousness of God could be succinctly stated as all that God is, all
that He commands, all that He demands, all that He approves, all that He
provides through faith in Christ (Click
to read Pastor Ray Pritchard's interesting analysis of righteousness
in the Gospel of Matthew).
In context of Romans 8:10, the
righteousness that Paul describes speaks primarily of imputed
righteousness, or that righteousness which was credited to our
"spiritual bank account" when we believed on and received Christ's
perfect sinless righteousness (1Co 1:30, 2Co 5:21). This one time
historical past tense event equates with so called past tense salvation
or justification (God's declaration of believing sinners as now
positionally righteous in Christ).
BKC adds that...
Because of God’s imputed
righteousness, a believer is alive spiritually. The eternal, spiritual
life of God is implanted by the indwelling Holy Spirit and Jesus Christ
here and now, even though a believer’s body is mortal.
(Walvoord,
J. F., Zuck, R. B., et al: The Bible Knowledge Commentary. 1985. Victor
or
Logos)
Some like S Lewis Johnson feel that
in Romans 8:10
dikaiosune
refers to...
both imputed and
imparted (righteousness), for in the context the apostle has had in mind both
justification and sanctification and their indissoluble connection. (Romans 8:5-17)
John MacArthur explains that...
if God’s Spirit indwells us, our own
spirit is alive because of righteousness, that is, because of the
divinely-imparted righteousness by which every believer is justified
(Rom. 3:21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26). In light of that perfect righteousness, all human
attempts at being righteous are but rubbish (Phil. 3:8)
(MacArthur,
J: Romans 1-8. Chicago: Moody Press
or
Logos)
Leon Morris agrees commenting
that...
The believer is credited with “the
righteousness of God”; it is this that brings him into the sphere of
salvation (justification). But then he is required to live a life that
is in conformity with this salvation (sanctification); he cannot be
indifferent to the importance of righteousness in his daily living. At
this point it may well be that Paul has in mind neither the process that
brings salvation, nor the life that follows, but both. (Morris,
L. The Epistle to the Romans. W. B. Eerdmans; Inter-Varsity Press)
Many Christians miss out on living their Christian lives in the
constant fullness of the Spirit, because they are not constantly being
filled with the Holy Spirit as Paul commanded in (Eph 5:18-note). They fail
to experience what Jesus spoke about when He described rivers of living
water flowing from the believer (Jn 7:37, 38, 39).
|
|
|
Romans
8:11 But
if the
Spirit of Him who
raised
Jesus from the
dead
dwells in you, He who
raised
Christ
Jesus from the
dead will
also
give
life to your
mortal
bodies
through His
Spirit who
dwells in you. (NASB:
Lockman) |
|
Greek:
ei
de
to
pneuma
tou
egeirantos (AAPMSG)
ton
Iesoun
ek
nekron
oikei (3SPAI)
en
humin,
o
egeiras (AAPMSN)
Christon
ek
nekron
zoopoiesei (3SFAI)
kai
ta
thneta
somata
humon
dia
tou
enoikountos (PAPNSG)
autou
pneumatos
en
humin.
Amplified:
And if the Spirit of Him Who raised up Jesus from the dead dwells in
you, [then] He Who raised up Christ Jesus from the dead will also
restore to life your mortal (short-lived, perishable) bodies through
His Spirit Who dwells in you. (Amplified
Bible - Lockman)
Barclay: If
the Spirit of him who raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you he will
make even your mortal bodies alive through his Spirit indwelling in
you. (Westminster
Press)
NLT: The Spirit of God, who raised Jesus from the dead, lives
in you. And just as he raised Christ from the dead, he will give life
to your mortal body by this same Spirit living within you. (NLT
- Tyndale House)
Phillips: I said that our nature is "dead" in the
presence of Christ, and so it is, because of its sin. Nevertheless
once the Spirit of him who raised Jesus from the dead lives within you
he will, by that same Spirit, bring to your whole being new strength
and vitality. (Phillips:
Touchstone)
Wuest: And assuming that the Spirit of the One who raised
up Jesus out from among the dead is in residence in you, He who raised
from among the dead Christ Jesus, will also make alive your mortal
bodies through the agency of the Spirit who is resident in you. (Eerdmans)
Young's Literal: and if the Spirit of Him who did raise up
Jesus out of the dead doth dwell in you, He who did raise up the
Christ out of the dead shall quicken also your dying bodies, through
His Spirit dwelling in you. |
|
|
BUT IF THE SPIRIT OF HIM WHO RAISED JESUS FROM THE DEAD DWELLS IN YOU:
ei de to pneuma tou egeirantos (AAPMSG) ton Iesoun ek nekron oikei
(3SPAI) en humin: (Ro 8:9; 4:24,25; Acts 2:24,32,33; Ephesians
1:19,20; Hebrews 13:20; 1Peter 1:21)
"If" does
not introduce doubt but means "if, as is the case". Note that
again Paul introduces this clause with "but" indicating contrast
with the body of death.
Note that the
pronoun "Him" in the phrase "the Spirit of Him Who raised Jesus"
is a reference to the Father not to the Spirit. It was God the Father
Who raised Jesus. Elsewhere the New Testament affirms this great truth
recording that...
"And God raised Him up again, putting
an end to the agony of death, since it was impossible for Him to be held
in its power. (Acts 2:24)
Now God has not only raised the Lord,
but will also raise us up through His power. (1Cor 6:14)
"knowing that He (God the Father) Who
raised the Lord Jesus will raise us also with Jesus and will present us
with you." (2Cor 4:14)
Raised (1453)
(egeiro) means to waken, rouse from sleep, from sitting or lying,
from disease and here means to wake up from death, of which sleep is the
emblem.
Dwells
(3611) (oikeo
from oikos = home) means to live or dwell in a
certain place as one's home.
Present tense
= "is dwelling" or continually dwells. This fact is important for it
emphasizes that the Spirit is not an occasional visitor but that He
takes up residence in God’s children. What an awesome truth that the Spirit of
the Living God would make His home in ever redeemed sinner. He lives in
the believer, not simply paying a fleeting visit but making His "home"
in them!
Sanday and
Headlam remark that oikeo...
denotes a settled permanent
penetrative influence. (Sanday,
W., & Headlam, A. C.. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the
Epistle of the Romans. Originally published 1897. T. & T. Clark
Publishers. 1980)
Note the truth of the Trinity in this verse.
God the Father's Spirit vitalizes us here and now, even though we are
sinful human beings, infusing us with that same power which raised Jesus
from the dead, enabling us to live holy lives. Every one of our
spiritual failures shouts out, “We can’t.” And every spiritual victory
affirms, “But He can!”
HE WHO RAISED CHRIST JESUS FROM THE DEAD WILL ALSO GIVE LIFE TO YOUR
MORTAL BODIES:
o egeiras (AAPMSN)
Christon ek nekron zoopoiesei (3SFAI) kai ta thneta somata humon: (Ro
6:4,5; Isaiah 26:19; Ezekiel 37:14; John 5:28,29; 1Corinthians 6:14;
15:16,20, 21, 22; 1Corinthians 15:51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57;
2Corinthians 4:14; Ephesians 2:5; Philippians 3:21; 1Thessalonians 4:14,
15, 16, 17; 1Peter 3:18; Revelation 1:18; 11:11; 20:11, 12, 13) (Mortal:
Ro 6:12; 1Corinthians 15:53; 2Corinthians 4:11; 5:4)
Jews believed that
God would raise the dead at the end of this age. Paul modifies this
belief adding that God has already raised Jesus, and His resurrection is
a sure sign that the rest of the resurrection will transpire as
promised.
Not only has the
spirit of the Christian been made alive (see Ro 8:10), but in time the
body which is now under the curse of death will be resurrected as well.
The facts that God raised Christ Jesus and has given us the indwelling
Spirit guarantees every believer’s future resurrection, a glorious truth
repeated many times by Paul...
Behold, I tell you a mystery; we
shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, in a moment, in the
twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet; for the trumpet will sound,
and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we shall be changed. For
this perishable must put on the imperishable, and this mortal must put
on immortality. But when this perishable will have put on the
imperishable, and this mortal will have put on immortality, then will
come about the saying that is written, "DEATH IS SWALLOWED UP in
victory. "O DEATH, WHERE IS YOUR VICTORY? O DEATH, WHERE IS YOUR STING?"
The sting of death is sin, and the power of sin is the law; but thanks
be to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.
Therefore, my beloved brethren, be steadfast, immovable, always
abounding in the work of the Lord, knowing that your toil is not in vain
in the Lord. (1Cor 15:51-57)
For our citizenship is in heaven,
from which also we eagerly wait for a Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ; who
will transform the body of our humble state into conformity with the
body of His glory, by the exertion of the power that He has even to
subject all things to Himself. (see note
Philippians 3:20,
3:21)
For if we believe that Jesus died and
rose again, even so God will bring with Him those who have fallen asleep
in Jesus. For this we say to you by the word of the Lord, that we who
are alive, and remain until the coming of the Lord, shall not precede
those who have fallen asleep. For the Lord Himself will descend from
heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the
trumpet of God; and the dead in Christ shall rise first. Then we who are
alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds to
meet the Lord in the air, and thus we shall always be with the Lord.
Therefore comfort one another with these words. (1Thes 4:14-18-see
notes)
Give life
(2227)
(zoopoieo from zoós = alive + poiéo = to make)
means to revitalize, make alive, quicken, vivify.
John uses
zoopoieo in a similar way as Paul writing...
"For just as the Father raises the
dead and gives them life, even so the Son also gives life
to whom He wishes. (John 5:21)
"It is the Spirit who gives life;
the flesh profits nothing; the words that I have spoken to you are
spirit and are life. (John 6:63)
Why did Paul use "give life to"
instead of "raise" when describing men's bodies? Godet
comments that...
Once again we see how carefully Paul
weighs every term he uses. We have a new proof of the same in the use of
the two expressions (egeirantos), to awake (raised) (applied to Jesus),
and (zoopoiesei), to quicken (to give life) (applied to believers). The
death of Jesus was a sleep, unaccompanied with any dissolution of the
body...; it was therefore enough to awake Him. In our case, the body,
being given over to destruction, must be entirely reconstituted; this is
well expressed by the word quicken ("give life"). (Romans Commentary
Online)
Vine writes
that...
The reference is not to the
impartation of some special energy of life and power to our bodies in
their present state, but to the effect upon them of the shout of the
Lord at the time of the Rapture (1Thes. 4:17; see note
Philippians 3:20,
3:21;
1Cor 15:52, 53). What is mortal will then be “swallowed up of life.” The
statement in this eleventh verse is to be put in connection with that at
the close of the seventh chapter, where the assurance is given that
Christ will deliver us “out of the body of this death” (see note
Romans 7:24)
(Vine,
W. Collected writings of W. E. Vine. Nashville: Thomas Nelson
)
S Lewis Johnson observes
that...
this verse is the final answer to the
cry of Ro 7:24 (note).
The power of indwelling sin and physical death over the believer's body
is destroyed in the bodily resurrection. The logic of the apostle is
clear. The presence of the Spirit of God in our mortal bodies is the
guarantee of the bodily resurrection, for He is the one who raised up
Jesus Christ.
Now one must be clear here. When Paul
says, "the one who raised up Christ Jesus from the dead," he is
referring, not to the Holy Spirit, but to the Father. It is not, "the
Spirit who raised up Jesus from the dead," but, "the Spirit of the One
Who raised up Jesus from the dead," that is, the Father God. It is the
Father Who raised up the Son, and that is the universal testimony of the
Bible. The reason for that is that it is important to make plain that
the sacrifice of the Son is acceptable to the Father. Therefore, the
almost universal testimony of the New Testament is that the Father
raised the Son (cf. Acts 2:24, 32; 3:15, 26; 4:10; 5:30; 26:8; 1 Cor.
6:14; 2 Cor. 4:14). Thus, regeneration and the indwelling of the Spirit
of the God of the resurrection naturally involve the resurrection of the
believer's body. All are parts of the one process of redemption. If God
has done the work of regeneration, He will accomplish the work in
resurrection.
What a wonderful promise that is
for the believer! Our spirits are already alive; our bodies soon shall
be. (Romans 8:5-17)
(Bolding added)
THROUGH HIS SPIRIT WHO
(continually) INDWELLS YOU: dia tou enoikountos (PAPNSG)
autou pneumatos en humin: (Ro 8:9; John 7:38,39; 14:17)
Regarding the
question of the role of the Spirit in giving life to our mortal bodies,
Leon Morris notes that...
The Spirit is not usually linked with
resurrection, but here he seems to be. It is not clear whether Paul is
saying that the Spirit is to be the agent in raising us or the guarantee
that we will be raised. Both are true, and it does not seem to matter
greatly which way we resolve the textual problem. (Morris,
L. The Epistle to the Romans. W. B. Eerdmans; Inter-Varsity Press)
Matthew Henry
reminds us that in this verse Paul gives...
Two great assurances of the
resurrection of the body are mentioned:
(1.) The resurrection of Christ:
He that raised up Christ from the dead shall also quicken. Christ rose
as the head, and first-fruits, and forerunner of all the saints, 1Cor
15:20. The body of Christ lay in the grave, under the sin of all the
elect imputed, and broke through it. O grave, then, where is thy
victory? It is in the virtue of Christ’s resurrection that we shall
rise.
(2.) The indwelling of the Spirit.
The same Spirit that raiseth the soul now will raise the body shortly:
By his Spirit that dwelleth in you. The bodies of the saints are the
temples of the Holy Ghost, 1 Co. 3:16; 6:19. Now, though these temples
may be suffered for awhile to lie in ruins, yet they shall be rebuilt.
The tabernacle of David, which has fallen down, shall be repaired,
whatever great mountains may be in the way. The Spirit, breathing upon
dead and dry bones, will make them live, and the saints even in their
flesh shall see God. (Ibid)
Indwells
(1774)
(enoikeo from en = in + oikéo =
dwell) (Click
word study on
enoikeo) means to take up residence, make one's home in or among. To live
in, inhabit; dwell in. Note that three of the five NT uses refer to
indwelling of Spirit or God. All the NT uses of enoikeo are
metaphorical.
Vine
observes that enoikeo
is used, with a spiritual
significance only, of (a) the indwelling of God in believers, 2Co 6:16;
(b) the indwelling of the Holy Spirit, Ro 8:11; 2Ti 1:14; (c) the
indwelling of the word of Christ, Col. 3:16; (d) the indwelling of
faith, 2Ti 1:5; (e) the indwelling of sin in the believer, Ro 7:17. (Vine,
W E: Vine's Complete Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament
Words. 1996. Nelson)
Our spirits have been regenerated by the Holy
Spirit, and our physical bodies ultimately will be resurrected by the
Holy Spirit, Who continues to indwell our spirit bodies even after
death. In other words, God promises spiritual resurrection life now
(Ro 6:4, 8, 11, Php 3:10-see notes
Ro 6:4,
6:8,
11
cp
Php 3:10) for each believer’s mortal body and
physical resurrection in the future for that mortal body (Ro
6:5-note, 1Cor 6:14, 15:42, 53
2Cor 4:14).
Warren Wiersbe
writes...
What a difference it makes in your
body when the Holy Spirit lives within. You experience new life, and
even your physical faculties take on a new dimension of experience. When
evangelist D. L. Moody described his conversion experience, he said: “I
was in a new world. The next morning the sun shone brighter and the
birds sang sweeter... the old elms waved their branches for joy, and all
nature was at peace.” Life in Christ is abundant life. (Wiersbe,
W: Bible Exposition Commentary. 1989. Victor)
Wayne Barber asks...
"Do you think God is
through with your body? No - in fact to show you how much victory
you have over the flesh, this old body that now the Spirit has
power over, one day is going to die and will be raised up so that
you can live in it forever, free then from even the PRESENCE of
SIN, much less the power of SIN. So you see that we are free from
any control of the FLESH. You say Wayne, "That's not true. I've
been controlled recently by it." Maybe so but what Paul is
explaining is that now when the flesh controls you, it is because
you choose to be, not because of the work of grace that God has
done in your heart. We choose it now. The whole emphasis of this
section is that the "factory has been taken over by new
management". We have not changed outwardly. Our bodies are still
the same. What has changed outwardly is my behavior because some
ONE has come in & has changed me inwardly. The spirit is alive
even though this body continues to reek of the stench of death &
will someday die.
Bishop Moule waxes
eloquent on this passage writing...
Wonderful is this deep
characteristic of the Scripture; its Gospel for the body. In
Christ, the body is seen to be something far different from the
mere clog, or prison, or chrysalis, of the soul. It is its
destined implement, may we not say its mighty wings in prospect,
for the life of glory. As invaded by sin, it must needs pass
through either death or, at the Lord’s Return, an equivalent
transfiguration. But as created in God’s plan of Human Nature it
is forever congenial to the soul, nay, it is necessary to the
soul’s full action. And whatever be the mysterious mode (it is
absolutely hidden from us as yet) of the event of Resurrection,
this we know, if only from this Oracle, that the glory of the
immortal body will have profound relations with the work of God in
the sanctified soul. No mere material sequences will bring it
about. It will be “because of the Spirit”; and “because of the
Spirit dwelling in you,” as your power for holiness in Christ. (The Epistle of Paul
the Apostle to the Romans - Online)
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